What's the difference in a Road Bike and a Mountain Bike?

frame tube diameter, tire width and tread, suspension and gearing.

road bike is for the road and mountain bike is for the mountain.
The suspension and the tires mainly.Mountain bikes are made with grip tires and heavy suspension so you can absorb bumps easier.
a road bike is made for the road. it will handle better on a flat surface and at higher speeds where as a mountain bike is made for handling rough terrain at slower speeds.
suspension, wheels, tires, and gears. With a road bike its more light weight, has skinny wheels and tires, so that it will be more aerodynamic. A mountain bike has wider, more rigid wheels and tires and heavier suspension for unpredictable terrain. They are both an ideal design for the specific uses.
The size of the tire and the amount of suspension...

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